Creative breeding enforces biological progress in agriculture and especially, in fruit growing. New, better cultivars producing higher yields of improved quality fruits and resistant to pests and diseases are the basic tools in modern farming. They enable the reduction of pesticide treatment and development of ecological fruit production. Our Institute is the largest centre of breeding of fruit trees and bushes. We have bred already more than 100 cultivars and rootstocks for fruit trees. Apple rootstocks: P 2, P 14, P 16, P 22 and P 60 are known in fruit growing regions throughout the world. New apple cultivars: Alwa, Ligol, Lodel and Redcroft gained high prizes for their winter hardiness. New black currant cultivars Tisel and Tiben are outstanding in terms of productivity and vitamin content in fruit. Polana raspberry, producing fruit from August to October, is a world champion among that type of cultivars.